From: Risk factors for oral antimicrobial consumption in Swiss fattening pig farms – a case–control study
Description | Answers | % control group | % case group | p-value (chi2 or fisher’s exact) |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 27 | n = 72 | |||
Label | Conventional or no label | 51.9 | 37.5 | 0.0427 |
Label 1 (straw, access to outdoor area) | 25.9 | 33.3 | ||
Label 2 (bedding, access to outdoor area) | 14.8 | 29.2 | ||
Label 3 = Organic | 7.4 | 0.0 | ||
Renovation of building (pen) | Yes | 25.9 | 58.3 | 0.0041 |
No | 74.1 | 41.7 | ||
Husbandry education | Education 1 (farmer with a certification of achievement) | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0.0211 |
Education 2 (Apprenticeship and further education as pig farm manager) | 59.3 | 38.9 | ||
Others/no husbandry education | 7.4 | 27.8 | ||
Working on other farms | Yes | 25.9 | 8.3 | 0.0398 |
No | 74.1 | 91.7 | ||
Analysis of production parameters | By farmer (program, computer, written, none) | 66.7 | 30.6 | 0.0011 |
By others (external) | 33.3 | 69.4 | ||
Most frequent cause of death at the onset | Haemorrhagic intestinal syndrome | 55.6 | 33.3 | 0.0252 |
Unknown cause of death | 33.3 | 36.1 | ||
Other causes | 11.1 | 30.6 | ||
Visitor boots available | Yes, clean | 33.3 | 43.4 | 0.0084 |
Yes, dirty | 33.3 | 15.2 | ||
No | 33.3 | 41.4 | ||
Production system all-in/all-out | Yes | 48.2 | 77.8 | 0.0043 |
No | 51.9 | 22.2 | ||
Number of suppliers at the same time | One supplier | 51.9 | 19.4 | 0.0014 |
More than one supplier | 48.2 | 80.6 | ||
Pigs originate from same supplier(s) | Yes | 59.3 | 23.6 | 0.0008 |
No | 40.7 | 76.4 | ||
All pigs vaccinated against Lawsonia | Yes | 33.3 | 13.9 | 0.0287 |
No or unknown | 66.7 | 86.1 | ||
Mixing pigs of different suppliers within same pen | Yes | 33.3 | 66.7 | 0.0028 |
No | 66.7 | 33.3 | ||
Work sequence depending on the age | From younger to older pigs | 18.5 | 11.1 | 0.0115 |
No working order (age not considered) | 55.6 | 30.6 | ||
All pigs having the same age | 25.9 | 58.3 | ||
Cleaning frequency | After each batch: whole barn | 44.4 | 72.2 | 0.0191 |
After each batch: pen(s) | 37.0 | 15.3 | ||
Less frequent | 18.5 | 12.5 | ||
Heating of barn (before the onset) | Yes | 37.0 | 56.9 | 0.0775 |
No | 63.0 | 43.1 | ||
Work sequence depending on healthy before sick pigs | Yes | 59.3 | 20.8 | 0.0002 |
No | 40.7 | 79.2 | ||
Distance to the next pig farm | <500 metres | 25.9 | 56.9 | 0.0060 |
≥500 metres | 74.1 | 43.1 | ||
Application of homoeopathic agents | Yes | 25.9 | 5.6 | 0.0084 |
No | 74.1 | 94.4 |