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Table 2 All relevant results of the univariable analysis of risk factors (p < 0.1) for regular oral antimicrobial group treatment in case farms (more than 50 % of pigs treated) and in control farms (no regular oral group treatment) for Swiss fattening pig farms

From: Risk factors for oral antimicrobial consumption in Swiss fattening pig farms – a case–control study

Description

Answers

% control group

% case group

p-value (chi2 or fisher’s exact)

  

n = 27

n = 72

 

Label

Conventional or no label

51.9

37.5

0.0427

 

Label 1 (straw, access to outdoor area)

25.9

33.3

 
 

Label 2 (bedding, access to outdoor area)

14.8

29.2

 
 

Label 3 = Organic

7.4

0.0

 

Renovation of building (pen)

Yes

25.9

58.3

0.0041

 

No

74.1

41.7

 

Husbandry education

Education 1 (farmer with a certification of achievement)

33.3

33.3

0.0211

 

Education 2 (Apprenticeship and further education as pig farm manager)

59.3

38.9

 
 

Others/no husbandry education

7.4

27.8

 

Working on other farms

Yes

25.9

8.3

0.0398

 

No

74.1

91.7

 

Analysis of production parameters

By farmer (program, computer, written, none)

66.7

30.6

0.0011

 

By others (external)

33.3

69.4

 

Most frequent cause of death at the onset

Haemorrhagic intestinal syndrome

55.6

33.3

0.0252

 

Unknown cause of death

33.3

36.1

 
 

Other causes

11.1

30.6

 

Visitor boots available

Yes, clean

33.3

43.4

0.0084

 

Yes, dirty

33.3

15.2

 
 

No

33.3

41.4

 

Production system all-in/all-out

Yes

48.2

77.8

0.0043

 

No

51.9

22.2

 

Number of suppliers at the same time

One supplier

51.9

19.4

0.0014

 

More than one supplier

48.2

80.6

 

Pigs originate from same supplier(s)

Yes

59.3

23.6

0.0008

 

No

40.7

76.4

 

All pigs vaccinated against Lawsonia

Yes

33.3

13.9

0.0287

 

No or unknown

66.7

86.1

 

Mixing pigs of different suppliers within same pen

Yes

33.3

66.7

0.0028

 

No

66.7

33.3

 

Work sequence depending on the age

From younger to older pigs

18.5

11.1

0.0115

 

No working order (age not considered)

55.6

30.6

 
 

All pigs having the same age

25.9

58.3

 

Cleaning frequency

After each batch: whole barn

44.4

72.2

0.0191

 

After each batch: pen(s)

37.0

15.3

 
 

Less frequent

18.5

12.5

 

Heating of barn (before the onset)

Yes

37.0

56.9

0.0775

 

No

63.0

43.1

 

Work sequence depending on healthy before sick pigs

Yes

59.3

20.8

0.0002

 

No

40.7

79.2

 

Distance to the next pig farm

<500 metres

25.9

56.9

0.0060

 

≥500 metres

74.1

43.1

 

Application of homoeopathic agents

Yes

25.9

5.6

0.0084

 

No

74.1

94.4

 
  1. P-values of the chi2 analysis are presented or alternatively for factors with counts ≤5 for a group, results of the fisher’s exact testing are shown