Effect of antimicrobials administered via liquid feed on the occurrence of sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistant Enterobacteriaceae: case-control study

Table 1 Administered drugs, cleaning and feeding protocols in the case and control farms

Farms	drug	Additive for cleaning^a	Feed acidification^b	Liquid feed component
Case farms (n = 13)	drug1: 7 drug2: 3 drug3: 3	Acid^b: 4 Soda^c: 8 No: 1	Yes: 3 No: 10	Whey^d: 3 Water: 10
Control farms (n = 14)	no drug	Acid^b: 4 Soda^c: 4 Other: 2 (No cleaning: 4)	Yes: 5 No: 9	Whey^d: 5 Water: 9

Drug 1: sulphonamide + trimethoprim; drug 2: chlortetracycline + sulphonamide + tylosin; drug 3: chlortetracycline
^aaddition to water for circuit pipeline cleaning or flushing after cleaning
^borganic acids
^ccaustic soda alone or with sodium hypochlorite
^dthe whey was acidified in two case and in two control farms

ISSN: 2055-5660