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Table 1 Types of vaccines used in pigs

From: Future perspectives on swine viral vaccines: where are we headed?

Main vaccine category

Subtypes

Whole pathogen

• Attenuated-live

• Inactivated (killed)

• Chimeric (attenuated-live or inactivated)

Subunit or vector system baseda

• Prokaryotic (unicellular organisms without a distinct nucleus)

 ○Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis

• Eukaryotic (unicellular or multicellular organisms with an enveloped nucleus)

 ○Yeast, mammalian cells, baculovirus expression in insect cells, plants, transgenic animals

• Live mammalian virus vectors (replicating or replication deficient)

Nucleic acid based

• DNA plasmid(s)

• mRNA

  1. aVirus-like particles (VLPs) are often produced