From: Future perspectives on swine viral vaccines: where are we headed?
 | Attenuated-live | Inactivated |
---|---|---|
Administration routes | (IM), oral, intranasal, intradermal | IM, intradermal |
Adjuvant | None | Required |
Number of doses | One dose | Often two doses |
Humoral immunity | IgG | IgG |
Secretory immunity | IgA | – |
Cellular immunity | Yes | – |
Long-term immunity | Yes | – |
Reversion to virulence or recombination | Yes | Not possible |
Storage | Heat-labilea | Stableb |
Transmission among pigs | Yes | No |
Production cost | Low (involves only culture, bottling and lyophilization or freezing) | High (requires a high antigen content, addition of adjuvant and other excipients) |
Time until a vaccine is available | Months to years | Months |