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Table 3 Factors associated with the non-wild type (NWT) phenotype for erythromycin, tetracycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin, multidrug-resistance and pansusceptible profile in 146 Enterococcus isolates recovered from 37 Spanish pig farms

From: Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. is influenced by production system, antimicrobial use, and biosecurity measures on Spanish pig farms

 

aAntimicrobial

Independent variable

ERY

TET

cSYN

dMDR

dPNS

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Management system

Intensive (Ref. category)

bNI

 

bNI

bNI

 

Organic-extensive

0.11 (0.02–0.35)

9.47 (2.66–59.26)

Type of sample

Faeces (Ref. category)

 

bNI

bNI

bNI

bNI

Slurry

6.63 (1.66–35.00)

Environment

1.83 (0.66–5.71)

Antimicrobial consumption

Lincosamides

2.88 (1.45–6.63)

bNI

10.98 (3.00–1577.32)

3.79 (2.05–9.80)

bNI

Phenicols

7.57 (1.78–62.24)

bNI

bNI

6.99 (1.57–47.16)

bNI

Penicillins

2.79 (1.34–6.94)

bNI

bNI

bNI

bNI

  1. aAntimicrobial: ERY Erythromycin, TET Tetracycline, SYN Quinupristin-dalfopristin, MDR Multidrug-resistance, PNS Pansusceptibility
  2. bNI: not included in the final model
  3. cSYN: E. faecalis was excluded of the quinupristin-dalfopristin mixed-effects logistic regressions
  4. dMDR; dPNS: quinupristin-dalfopristin was excluded for the characterization of MDR and PNS phenotypes in E. faecalis