Table 2 Ethogram for observed behavioural elements

Exploratory

Exploring material

Exploring the material in the trough, in the area immediately below and approximately 0.3 m (equivalent to the depth of the trough) surrounding the trough for at least 10 s, by rooting, nosing, chewing, sniffing, touching or manipulating with the snout, whilst in a standing or sitting position; if exploring the material is interrupted for 15 s or less the exploratory behaviour still counts as one behavioural element

[16, 74]

Inactive/resting

Lying

Lying with eyes open or closed

[75]

Sitting

Sitting on hind quarters without exploring material, pen equipment or manipulating pen mates

[76]

Harmful social behaviour

Manipulating pen mates

Nosing the belly of a pen mate or manipulating or biting the tail, ears or legs of a pen mate while standing or sitting

[16]