Table 8 Effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on cardiac free amino acid profile in finishing pigs (mg/kg dry heart)

EAA

Threonine

0.85

1.02

1.00

0.67

0.15

0.436

0.455

0.150

Valine

0.74

0.84

0.91

0.76

0.08

0.412

0.774

0.121

Isoleucine

0.31

0.31

0.33

0.26

0.02

0.083

0.137

0.058

Leucine

1.46

1.42

1.69

1.57

0.10

0.248

0.189

0.722

Phenylalanine

0.74

0.66

0.81

0.74

0.04

0.113

0.447

0.783

Tryptophan

0.11

0.09

0.11

0.12

0.02

0.625

0.406

0.354

Lysine

1.39

1.41

1.65

1.27

0.10

0.112

0.776

0.073

Histidine

1.35

1.19

1.53

1.22

0.10

0.105

0.906

0.474

Arginine

1.20

1.13

1.27

1.05

0.06

0.129

0.313

0.242

NEAA

Serine

0.87^b

1.16^ab

1.34^a

0.97^ab

0.11

0.039

0.342

0.009

Glycine

1.84^ab

1.99^ab

2.23^a

1.53^b

0.14

0.020

0.291

0.008

Alanine

16.62

16.99

18.79

16.55

0.85

0.294

0.706

0.168

Glutamate

4.88

5.08

5.66

4.95

0.55

0.763

0.758

0.433

Glutamine

61.14

62.10

59.66

48.53

3.90

0.097

0.038

0.152

aspartic acid

0.53

0.39

0.43

0.32

0.11

0.659

0.279

0.881

Asparagine

0.38

0.43

0.57

0.44

0.05

0.162

0.255

0.125

Tyrosine

0.71

0.68

0.68

0.64

0.04

0.561

0.185

0.889

Proline

0.90

1.07

0.97

1.03

0.10

0.659

0.547

0.584

Non-protein amino acids and derivatives/ metabolites of amino acids

Ornithine

0.13^b

0.13^b

0.20^a

0.13^b

0.02

0.025

0.347

0.054

Taurine

47.93

42.31

54.58

43.34

3.89

0.167

0.935

0.500

Citrulline

0.71

0.90

1.21

0.97

0.24

0.598

0.338

0.440

Cystathionine

1.00

1.00

1.16

1.06

0.07

0.429

0.344

0.482

α-aminoadipic acid

0.45

0.33

0.41

0.44

0.06

0.580

0.866

0.246

β-aminoisobutyric acid

0.42^ab

0.39^b

0.57^a

0.38^b

0.04

0.011

0.885

0.046

Carnosine

1.49

0.97

0.86

1.32

0.19

0.228

0.577

0.050

Ethanolamine

0.40

0.32

0.42

0.44

0.05

0.578

0.480

0.356

Urea

3.29

4.47

2.88

3.41

0.52

0.237

0.620

0.564

Ammonia

2.09^b

2.13^b

2.42^ab

2.89^a

0.12

0.001

 < 0.001

0.093

∑EAA

8.10^ab

8.04^ab

9.19^a

7.61^b

0.38

0.046

0.851

0.058

∑NEAA

138.43^ab

134.87^ab

147.57^a

120.79^b

4.71

0.032

0.142

0.062

TAA

146.53^ab

142.91^ab

156.76^a

128.40^b

5.71

0.029

0.152

0.056