Table 1 Risk factors relevant to ASF introduction into compartments in South Africa by category using proxy names for simplicity
Category | No | Proxy risk factor name |
|---|---|---|
Domestic pigs | 1 | On-farm pig density |
2 | Proximity to farms with poor biosecurity | |
3 | Proximity to ASF-affected farms | |
4 | Un-tested introductions into the herd | |
5 | Use of un-tested breeding boars | |
6 | Use of uncertified genetic material | |
7 | Entry of free-roaming pigs | |
8 | Contact with free-roaming pigs | |
9 | Return of live pigs | |
Human behaviors and activities | 10 | Insufficient boot and clothing biosecurity by external people |
11 | Insufficient boot and clothing biosecurity by animal health personnel | |
12 | Insufficient cleaning & disinfection of boots, clothes, facilities, and equipment | |
13 | Feeding of food waste | |
14 | Underreporting of suspect ASF cases | |
15 | Improper carcass disposal of sick pigs | |
16 | Improper on-site slaughter | |
17 | Improper hunting/ culling of wild suids inside the compartment | |
18 | Improper hunting/ culling of wild suids in proximity to the compartment | |
19 | Meals outside designated areas | |
Wild suids | 20 | Wild suid entry |
21 | Contact with wild suids | |
Competent vectors | 22 | Tick vectors |
23 | Biting flies | |
Fomites | 24 | Insufficient decontamination of swine transport vehicles |
25 | Insufficient decontamination of non-swine delivery vehicles | |
26 | Insufficient decontamination of own tractors & lawnmowers | |
27 | Same-vehicle transport | |
28 | Abattoir transport | |
29 | Contaminated feed or bedding | |
30 | Improper disposal of carcasses and manure | |
31 | Insufficient control of scavenger animals within the compartment | |
32 | Insufficient control of scavenger animals in proximity to the compartment | |
33 | Insufficient pest control | |
34 | Regular presence of pets |