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Table 1 Results of univariable and multivariable general linear regression models

From: Evaluation of the relationship between the biosecurity status, production parameters, herd characteristics and antimicrobial usage in farrow-to-finish pig production in four EU countries

   

Country corrected univariable

Country corrected multivariable

Outcome variable

Risk factor

N

β-coefficient

p-value

Adjusted R2

β-coefficient

p-value

LOG TI Breeding

TI 200

227

<0.01

<0.01

0.148

<0.01

0.01

 

Internal biosecurity

227

0.22

0.36

0.073

  
 

External biosecurity

227

0.51

0.08

0.083

  
 

Years experience

221

−0.07

0.81

0.071

  
 

Pathogens vaccinated

227

2.35

0.14

0.079

  
 

# sows

227

0.01

0.33

0.074

  
 

# employees

221

0.43

0.78

0.066

  
 

Gender

214

 

0.60

0.071

  
 

 Male

137

3.14

0.60

   
 

 Female

77

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Education

210

 

0.11

0.082

  
 

 Lower

84

−15.47

0.05

   
 

 Higher

84

−15.77

0.06

   
 

 University

42

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Farrowing rhythm (cat)

219

 

0.76

0.060

  
 

 >5

18

−0.81

0.95

   
 

 5

20

2.76

0.82

   
 

 4

48

−1.34

0.89

   
 

 3

80

4.33

0.62

   
 

 2

21

14.94

0.20

   
 

 1

32

Ref.

Ref.

   

LOG TI 200

TI Breeding

227

<0.01

<0.01

0.332

<0.01

<0.01

 

Internal biosecurity

227

−0.01

0.11

0.325

  
 

External biosecurity

227

−0.02

0.01

0.353

−0.03

<0.01

 

Weaning age

216

−0.05

0.05

0.335

−0.05

0.06

 

Years experience

221

<0.01

0.28

0.324

  
 

Pathogens vaccinated

227

0.18

<0.01

0.355

0.14

<0.01

 

# sows

227

<0.01

0.01

0.346

  
 

# employees

221

0.05

0.32

0.315

  
 

Gender

214

 

0.51

0.313

  
 

 Male

137

0.11

0.51

   
 

 Female

77

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Education

210

 

0.39

0.331

  
 

 Lower

84

0.07

0.77

   
 

 Higher

84

0.28

0.24

   
 

 University

42

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Zinc oxide

205

 

0.29

0.310

  
 

 Yes

39

0.25

0.29

   
 

 No

166

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Anti-inflammatory weaners

227

 

0.05

0.338

  
 

 Yes

71

0.37

0.05

   
 

 No

156

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Anti-coccidial

214

 

0.10

0.313

  
 

 Yes

90

0.28

0.10

   
 

 No

124

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Farrowing rhythm

219

 

<0.01

0.360

 

<0.01

 

 >5

18

−0.78

0.05

 

−0.88

0.02

 

 5

20

−1.15

<0.01

 

−1.10

<0.01

 

 4

48

−0.51

0.07

 

−0.44

0.11

 

 3

80

−0.38

0.12

 

−0.21

0.42

 

 2

21

0.10

0.75

 

−0.06

0.85

 

 1

32

Ref.

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

Number of weaned piglets per sow per year (WSY)

Years experience

217

−0.02

0.27

0.354

  

External biosecurity

223

0.05

<0.01

0.362

  

Internal biosecurity

223

0.03

0.06

0.349

  
 

Weaning age

212

−0.17

<0.01

0.367

−0.19

<0.01

 

Pathogens vaccinated

223

0.18

0.06

0.349

  
 

Mortality until weaning

222

−0.18

<0.01

0.423

−0.21

<0.01

 

#sows

223

<0.01

<0.01

0.391

  
 

#employees

217

0.22

0.02

0.359

  
 

TI Breeding

223

0.01

<0.01

0.362

0.01

0.06

 

TI 200

223

<0.01

0.71

0.339

  
 

Anti-inflammatory sucklers

223

     
 

 Yes

122

0.43

0.39

0.340

  
 

 No

105

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Anti-inflammatory weaners

223

     
 

 Yes

71

0.57

0.13

0.345

  
 

 No

156

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Anti-inflammatory sows

215

     
 

 Yes

217

1.18

0.49

0.343

  
 

 No

2

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Anti-coccidial

211

     
 

 Yes

90

0.08

0.82

0.337

  
 

 No

124

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Zinc oxide

201

     
 

 Yes

39

0.86

0.06

0.363

  
 

 No

166

Ref.

Ref.

   
 

Country * Weaning age

     

0.02

 

Belgium * Weaning age

    

−0.20

0.18

 

France * Weaning age

    

0.21

0.04

 

Germany * Weaning age

    

0.15

0.18

 

Sweden * Weaning age

    

Ref.

Ref.

  1. LOG log transformation. Light gray values in the univariable model indicate that these factors were not significant (p < 0.20) in the univariable model. In the multivariable model p-values which are significant with p < 0.05 are black and bold, 0.05 < p < 0.10 are black and p > 0.10 are light gray. Significant interactions are listed where applicable. All models were corrected for the country effect by adding country in the model as a fixed variable. Only relevant variables are listed