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Table 1 Characteristics of studies evaluating the economic impact of disease caused by endemic respiratory pathogens in pigs

From: The economic impact of endemic respiratory disease in pigs and related interventions - a systematic review

Study

Country

Infection scenario

Infectious agent(s)1

No. of farms supplying primary production data2

Stage of production

Unit of analysis

Study design

Data source(s)3

Reference

Pointon et al. (1985)

Australia

Endemic/Epidemic

Mhp

1

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA; C

[26]

Miller and Dorn (1990)

US

Endemic

NS

13

Breeding and growing

Pig

Cross-sectional

DA

[65]

Brouwer et al. (1994)

Netherlands

Endemic

PRRSV

91

Breeding

Sow

Historical control study

DA; C

[66]

Christensen (1995)

New Zealand

Endemic

Mhp

1

Growing

Percentage point of pneumonia

Cross-sectional

DA

[67]

Pejsak and Markowska-Daniel (1997)

Poland

Epidemic

PRRSV

1

Breeding and growing

Farm

Historical control study

DA

[68]

Garner et al. (2001)

Australia

Endemic/Epidemic

PRRSV

NA

Breeding and growing

Country, region, farm, and pig

Stochastic model

LG

[38]

Bennett and IJpelaar (2005)

UK

Endemic

SIV

NA

NR

Country

Deterministic model

LS; E

[69]

Losinger (2005)

US

Endemic/Epidemic

App

NR

Growing

Country

Cobb-douglas production model

DA; LS; LG

[28]

Neumann et al. (2005)

US

Epidemic

PRRSV

10

Breeding and growing

Country and farm

Case-control

DA; LG

[70]

Nieuwenhuis et al. (2012)*

Netherlands

Epidemic

PRRSV

9

Breeding

Sow

Historical control study

DA

[20]

Alarcon, Rushton and Wieland (2013)

UK

Endemic/Epidemic

PCV-2

147

Growing

Country, farm, and pig

Stochastic model

LS; LG; E

[34]

Holtkamp et al. (2013)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

80 breeding farms and 639 groups of growing pigs (No. farms NR)

Breeding and growing

Country, sow, and pig

Cross-sectional

DA; LG

[55]

Nathues et al. (2017)

Germany

Endemic

PRRSV

NA

Breeding and growing

Farm, sow, and pig

Stochastic model

LS; LG; E; C

[35]

Pham et al. (2017) 4

Vietnam

Endemic

PRRSV

162

Breeding and growing

Farm

Cross-sectional

DA; E; LS; LG

[22]

Valdes-Donoso et al. (2018)

US

Epidemic

PRRSV

16

Breeding

Farm and sow

Historical control study

DA; LG

[71]

Calderón Díaz, Rodrigues da Costa, et al. (2020)

Ireland

Endemic

NS

56

Growing

Farm, pig, and Kg of meat

Stochastic model

DA; LS

[37]

Calderón Díaz, Fitzgerald, et al. (2020)*

Ireland

Endemic

PRRSV, SIV, Mhp

56

Growing

Farm

Stochastic model

DA

[21]

Ferraz et al. (2020)

Brazil

Endemic

Mhp

1

Growing

Pig

Cross-sectional

DA

[72]

Trevisan et al. (2020)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

20

Breeding and growing

Pig

Cohort

DA; LG

[73]

Paz-Sánchez et al. (2021)

Spain

Endemic

Co-infection

1

Growing

Pig

Cross-sectional

DA; LG

[5]

Renken et al. (2021)

Germany

Endemic

PRRSV

21

Breeding

Farm and sow

Cross-sectional

DA; LS; LG

[39]

Kim et al. (2022)

Korea

Epidemic

PRRSV

1

Breeding and growing

Sow and pig

Historical control study

DA; LS

[74]

Pfuderer et al. (2022)

UK

Endemic

NS

NA

Growing

Pig

Systems dynamics model

DA; LS; LG; A

[27]

Trevisi et al. (2022)

Italy

Endemic

PRRSV

NR

Growing

Pig flow and Kg of meat

Cohort

DA

[75]

Zhang et al. (2022)

China

Epidemic

PRRSV

4

Breeding and growing

Sow and pig

Historical control study

DA; LG

[76]

  1. * Studies focus on both the economic impact of disease and the effects of interventions to prevent/control disease
  2. 1 PRRSV = porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PCV-2 = porcine circovirus 2; SIV = swine influenza virus (SIV); Mhp = Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; App = Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; NS = not specified
  3. 2 NR = number of farms providing primary data is not reported; NA = no primary data is provided by farms
  4. 3 LS = scientific literature; LG = grey literature (e.g. industry reports, websites, proceedings, newsletters, government documents); E = expert(s) opinion; DA = data from authors; C = personal communication; A = author(s) expertise
  5. 4 Studies consider economic impact in smallholder farm(s) or research facility settings, whereas all other studies consider only commercial farm(s)