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Table 2 Characteristics of studies evaluating the economic impact of interventions to prevent/control disease caused by endemic respiratory pathogens in pigs

From: The economic impact of endemic respiratory disease in pigs and related interventions - a systematic review

Study

Country

Infection scenario

Infectious agent(s)1

Intervention

No. of farms supplying primary production data2

Stage of production

Unit of analysis

Study design

Data sources3

Reference

Dee (1994)

US

Endemic

Mhp

Medication and early weaning

2

Growing

Pig

Historical control study

DA

[77]

Dee et al. (1996)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Nursery depopulation

5

Growing

Farm, sow, and pig

Historical control study

DA

[78]

Dee et al. (1997)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Nursery depopulation

34

Growing

Sow

Historical control study

DA

[79]

Dee and Molitor (1998)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Elimination (test and removal)

1

Breeding

Sow

Case report

DA; A

[32]

Maes et al. (1998)

Belgium

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

5

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA

[42]

Pallares et al. (2000)

Spain

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

8

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA

[43]

Kyriakis et al. (2001)

Greece

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

1

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA

[80]

Miller et al. (2001)

US

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

NA

Growing

Farm

Deterministic model

LS; A

[81]

Pallares et al. (2001)

Spain

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

16

Growing

Kg of carcass and kg gained in fattening

Controlled trial

DA

[82]

Maes et al. (2003)

Belgium

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

14

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA

[83]

Stipkovits et al. (2003)

Hungary

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination and medication

1

Growing

Kg of finishing pig marketed

Controlled trial

DA

[84]

Holyoake and Callinan (2006)

Australia

Endemic

Mhp

Vaccination

3

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA; LS; A

[85]

Schaefer and Morrison (2006)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Elimination (herd closure)

15

Breeding

Herd (farms combined)

Historical control study

DA; A

[86]

Rapp-Gabrielson et al. (2007)

US

Endemic

Co-infection

Vaccination

1

Growing

Carcass value

Controlled trial

DA; LG

[87]

Young et al. (2011) 4

Canada

Endemic

PCV-2

Vaccination

1

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA; A

[24]

Nieuwenhuis et al. (2012)*

Netherlands

Epidemic

PRRSV

Monitoring, vaccination, and eradication

9

Breeding

Sow

Historical control study

DA

[20]

Alarcon, Rushton, Nathues, et al. (2013)

UK

Endemic

PCV-2

Vaccination, diets, stocking density, biosecurity, and depopulation-repopulation

50

Growing

Farm

Stochastic model

LS; LG; E

[33]

Alonso et al. (2013)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Air filtration

21

Breeding

Farm, sow, and pig

Cohort / deterministic model

DA; LS

[30]

Zhang et al. (2014)

Vietnam

Endemic/Epidemic

PRRSV

Vaccination

NA

Growing

Country

Deterministic model

DA; LS; A; E

[57]

Linhares et al. (2015)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Vaccination

NA

Breeding

Farm

Deterministic & Stochastic model

DA; LS; A

[44]

Ramirez et al. (2015)

US

Endemic

Co-infection

Medication

4

Growing

Pig and Kg of body weight

Controlled trial

DA

[40]

Stygar et al. (2016)

Finland

Epidemic

App

Cleaning, vaccination, and medication

NA

Growing

Pig space unit

Dynamic programming model

LS; A

[88]

Crenshaw et al. (2016)4

Canada

Endemic

PRRSV

Feed regimen

1

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA; A

[25]

Kaalberg et al. (2017)

Netherlands

Endemic

Co-infection

Vaccination

1

Growing

Pig

Controlled trial

DA; LG

[89]

Kim et al. (2017)

Korea

Endemic

PRRSV

Vaccination

3

Breeding and growing

Farm

Historical control study

DA; LG

[41]

Zhang et al. (2017)4

Cambodia

Epidemic

PRRSV

Vaccination and biosecurity

NA

Breeding and growing

Farm

Deterministic model

DA; LG; LS

[23]

Duivon et al. (2018)

France

Endemic

Co-infection

Vaccination

1

Growing

Sow and pig

Controlled trial

DA; LG

[90]

Nathues et al. (2018)

Germany

Endemic

PRRSV

Depopulation-repopulation, close and roll-over, vaccination, and biosecurity

NA

Breeding and growing

Farm

Stochastic model

LS; A; E

[36]

Silva et al. (2019)

US

Endemic

Mhp

Elimination

70

Breeding and growing

Farm, sow, and pig

Cross-sectional/ deterministic model

DA; LS

[31]

Calderón Díaz, Fitzgerald, et al. (2020)*

Ireland

Endemic

Co-infection

Vaccination

56

Growing

Farm

Stochastic model

DA

[21]

Thomann et al. (2020)

Germany

Endemic

PRRSV

Vaccination

NA

Breeding

Country, farm, and sow

Stochastic model

LS; LG; A

[91]

Abella et al. (2021)

Spain

Endemic/Epidemic

PRRSV

Animal selection

1

Breeding

Sow

Discrete-based event model

DA; LG

[92]

Quezada-Fraide et al. (2021)

Mexico

Endemic

PRRSV

Vaccination

2

Growing

Pig and day of fattening

Cohort study

DA; A

[93]

Jerlström et al. (2022)

Sweden

Endemic

NS

No litter mixing after weaning and separate gilt management

1

Growing

Farm

Deterministic & stochastic model

LG; E, C,

[94]

Moura et al. (2022)

US

Endemic

PRRSV

Vaccination

9

Growing

Experimental group

Controlled trial / deterministic model

DA; LG

[29]

  1. * Studies focus on both the economic impact of disease and the effects of interventions to prevent/control disease
  2. 1 PRRSV = porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PCV-2 = porcine circovirus 2; SIV = swine influenza virus (SIV); Mhp = Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; App = Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; NS = not specified
  3. 2 NR = number of farms providing primary data is not reported; NA = no primary data is provided by farms
  4. 3 LS = scientific literature; LG = grey literature (e.g. industry reports, websites, proceedings, newsletters, government documents); E = expert(s) opinion; DA = data from authors; C = personal communication; A = author(s) expertise
  5. 4 Studies consider economic impact in smallholder farm(s) or research facility settings, whereas all other studies consider only commercial farm(s)